ABSTRACT
Two non-destructive instrumental methods, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were studied for quality evaluation of Lobelia chinensis Lour. (L. chinensis). We obtained the IR spectra and XRD patterns of L. chinensis collected from different sources. The similarity of samples was analyzed by cal-culating the cosine coefficient. The cosine values were in the range of 0.83–0.90, indicating that the main components of L. chinensis samples are similar. Sample L1 and L6 showed a slightly lower similarity than that of L2, L3, L4, L5 detected by the two methods, which revealed that IR and XRD methods exhibited analogous detection ability for quality evaluation of L. chinensis. The two methods could be highly re-commended as simple and rapid detection means for quality evaluation of L. chinensis.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the anti-mycobacterial activity of Melia azedarach L. (M. azedarach) and Lobelia chinensis Lour. (L. chinensis) extracts against the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). Methods: The anti-M. tuberculosis activity of M. azedarach and L. chinensis extracts were evaluated using different indicator methods such as resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) and mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) 960 system assay. The M. tuberculosis was incubated with various concentrations (50–800 mg/mL) of the ex-tracts for 5 days in the REMA, and for 4 weeks in MGIT 960 system assay. Results: M. azedarach and L. chinensis extracts showed their anti-M. tuberculosis ac-tivity by strongly inhibiting the growth of M. tuberculosis in a concentration-dependent manner in the REMA and the MGIT 960 system assay. Particularly, the methanol extract of M. azedarach and n-hexane extract of L. chinensis consistently exhibited their effects by effectively inhibiting the growth of M. tuberculosis in MGIT 960 system for 4 weeks with a single-treatment, indicating higher anti-M. tuberculosis activity than other extracts, and their minimum inhibitory concentrations were measured as 400 mg/mL and 800 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that M. azedarach and L. chinensis extracts not only have unique anti-M. tuberculosis activity, but also induce the selective anti-M. tuberculosis effects by consistently inhibiting or blocking the growth of M. tuberculosis through a new pharmacological action. Therefore, this study suggests the potential of them as effective candidate agents of next-generation for developing a new anti-tuberculosis drug, as well as the advantage for utilizing traditional medicinal plants as one of effective strategies against tuberculosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the anti-mycobacterial activity of Melia azedarach L. (M. azedarach) and Lobelia chinensis Lour. (L. chinensis) extracts against the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). Methods The anti-M. tuberculosis activity of M. azedarach and L. chinensis extracts were evaluated using different indicator methods such as resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) and mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) 960 system assay. The M. tuberculosis was incubated with various concentrations (50–800 μg/mL) of the extracts for 5 days in the REMA, and for 4 weeks in MGIT 960 system assay. Results M. azedarach and L. chinensis extracts showed their anti-M. tuberculosis activity by strongly inhibiting the growth of M. tuberculosis in a concentration-dependent manner in the REMA and the MGIT 960 system assay. Particularly, the methanol extract of M. azedarach and n-hexane extract of L. chinensis consistently exhibited their effects by effectively inhibiting the growth of M. tuberculosis in MGIT 960 system for 4 weeks with a single-treatment, indicating higher anti-M. tuberculosis activity than other extracts, and their minimum inhibitory concentrations were measured as 400 μg/mL and 800 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusions These results demonstrate that M. azedarach and L. chinensis extracts not only have unique anti-M. tuberculosis activity, but also induce the selective anti-M. tuberculosis effects by consistently inhibiting or blocking the growth of M. tuberculosis through a new pharmacological action. Therefore, this study suggests the potential of them as effective candidate agents of next-generation for developing a new anti-tuberculosis drug, as well as the advantage for utilizing traditional medicinal plants as one of effective strategies against tuberculosis.
ABSTRACT
Research has demonstrated that many chemical constituents dominated by piperidine alkaloids and flavonoids, such as lobelanidine, lobeline, and lobelanine, have been obtained from Lobelia chinensis Lour. Experimental studies and clinical applications have also indicated that L. chinensis possesses a number of pharmacological activities (e.g., diuretic, choleretic, breathing excitement, anti-venom, anti-bacterial, and anticancer). This paper focuses on the properties, chemical constituents, and anticancer activity of L. chinensis to clarify the connection among them, and identify the active anticancer compounds. This work serves as the foundation for further research and development of L. chinensis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Alkaloids , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Flavonoids , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Lobelia , Chemistry , Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts , Pharmacology , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents in the dried whole plant of Lobelia chinensis. Methods: Column chromatography, such as silica gel, MCI, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, C18 reverse-phased silica gel columns, and preparative HPLC were used to isolate the compounds. Spectroscopic methods like MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR were used to elucidate their structures. Results: Fifteen compounds were isolated from 95% ethanol extract of L. chinensis, including twelve flavonoids: quercetin (1), rutin (2), luteolin (3), apigenin (4), hesperidin (5), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (6), quercetin-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside (7), quercetin-3- O-β-D-glucoside (8), amentoflavone (9), naringenin (10), hesperetin (11), and eupafolin (12), and three coumarins: 5, 7- dimethoxy-coumarin (13), isoscopoletin (14), and scoparone (15). Conclusion: Compounds 6-12 are isolated from the plants in genus Lobelia L. for the first time. Compounds 5, 13, and 14 are isolated from L. chinensis for the first time.
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Objective To study the chemical constituents in Lobelia chinensis.Methods Isolation and purification were carried out by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,and preparative HPLC.Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopy and physicochemical properties. Results Twelve compounds were obtained and identified as: cycloeucalenol(Ⅰ),24-methylenecycloartanol(Ⅱ),phytol(Ⅲ),phytenal(Ⅳ),?-amyrin(Ⅴ),adenosine(Ⅵ),n-butyl-?-Dfructofuranoside(Ⅶ),n-butyl-?-D-fructofuranoside(Ⅷ),n-butyl-?-D-fructopyranoside(Ⅸ),n-butyl-?-D-fructopyranoside(Ⅹ),salicin(Ⅺ),and 5-hydroxymethyl furaldehyde(ⅩⅡ).Conclusion Compounds Ⅰ—Ⅳ and Ⅵ—ⅩⅡ are obtained from the plants of Lobelia L.for the first time and compound Ⅴ is obtained from this plant for the first time.